Thursday, December 26, 2019

Acceptable Gifts for the Mailman Whats Allowed by Law

If youre trying to find the right gift for the  mail carrier, there are a few simple rules for what postal carriers are allowed to accept. Several ethical guidelines (including those for the United States Postal Service) fall under the executive branch of the United States Government, and set rules for whats acceptable for federal workers. Postal workers are generally prohibited from accepting gifts valued at more than $20 from customers and coworkers, but there are some exceptions. What the Rule Book Says The Code of Federal Regulations Standards of Ethical Conduct for Employees of the Executive Branch, Part 2635, Subpart B states: Federal employees cannot accept a gift as a result of their federal employment.   What this means exactly is that a postal worker cant actually accept a gift from you just because he or she delivers your mail, but can only accept a gift if a personal relationship already exists between the two of you. According to the Postal Service, federal regulations allow all postal employees, including carriers, to accept a gift worth $20 or less from a customer per occasion, such as Christmas or a birthday. However, cash and cash equivalents, such as checks or gift cards that can be exchanged for cash, may never be accepted in any amount. In addition, no USPS employee may accept more than $50 worth of gifts from any one customer in any one calendar year period. If you decide to ignore the rule, your mail carrier  must reimburse you for the cost of any gifts exceeding the $20 limit or for gifts where a value of the item cannot be easily determined. This is done in two ways: either by returning the gift or by sending financial reimbursement. The second option means that if you were to give your mail carrier  a bouquet  of flowers exceeding $20, he or she would then have to figure out the actual value and send you a reimbursement for the full value. Your intentions may have been sweet, but now your mailman has to make an extra effort to find the actual cost of your gift and then pay you the full amount of what the flowers cost out of their own pocket. That doesnt seem like much of a gift, does it? Acceptable Gifts for the Mail Carrier Some acceptable gifts for your mail delivery person include: Modest refreshments such as coffee, doughnuts, cookies or sodaPlaques, trophies and other items intended for presentationPerishable items such as food, candy, fruit or flowers so long as they are to be shared with other postal workersRetail gifts cards with a value of less than $20 that cannot be converted to cash Unacceptable Gifts for the Mail Carrier Postal workers are prohibited from accepting the following items: CashChecksStocksLiquorAnything that can be exchanged for cashAnything of monetary value such as meals, gift certificates, event tickets, and clothing Perhaps the best gift for your mail carrier  is simply a heartfelt card saying Thank you. To step it up, you may want to show your appreciation by actually penning a letter of appreciation addressed to the postmaster of the particular office that your mailman works at.   In your letter, you can outline the countless times your mail carrier  has gone above and beyond the call of duty to make sure your mail gets to you in one piece and on time. Your  letter of appreciation is then added to your mailmans personnel file once it has been read by their superiors.

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Question Questions On Business Ethics - 1305 Words

Question 1- Business Ethics Issue- A Company has developed a new drug which contains small side effects. They have conducted many experiments on this drug and formed a report to keep confidential. The board of directors results that they will continue to market the drug and keep the information within the company, as it will increase profits significantly. Is this ethical behaviour for the company? Rule- Common law tells us that as the directors of the company it is in their duty to act in good faith and avoid any conflict of interest. It is their duty as the directors of the company and in their position to not use the company’s resources where it could potentially cause harm to individual’s external of the company. This business†¦show more content†¦They also need to evaluate whether they are doing the right thing by the law. As the directors of the company they shouldn’t keep the report confidential as it is ethically wrong and possibly could be harmful to the company. Question 2a- Contracts/Offers Issue- Quentin was promised by his father Bill that if he worked every Sunday in the family restaurant, Bill will pay for his first year of university fees. Quentin was faced with many decisions but agree to work every Sunday due to Bill’s promise. He successfully completed his first year at university and now wants to take the year off to travel. Bill is upset and refuses to pay the fees. How should Quentin act on this? Rule- This contract is where Bill (the offeror) has promised Quentin (the offeree) to pay for his university fees. This is a spoken offer between two parties and since they are both are within agreement it therefore becomes a family agreement. The agreement is a conditional offer which means that in order to obtain the agreement, the offeree must fulfil certain requirements of the offeror. Quentin achieved this by working every Sunday in his father restaurant. The language within the agreement that Bill used was very clear and precise, saying he would pay for the entire first year. Application- Quentin should claim to his father that as a part of the conditional offer heShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Business Ethics And Ethics2226 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction to Business Ethics What Is Ethics? To understand business ethics one must first understand that there is no general definition used to define this ethics related topic. Ethics related topics usually include terms such as morals, principles, ethics and values, which are, in most cases, used interchangeably. 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Page 10 TABLES Figure 8.0. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 15 Read MoreAnswers to Questions on Business Ethics1194 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition. ELEVEN The manner in which the financial factors in the bankruptcy are settled. A chapter 7 is essentially complete closure of the business or personal case with a payout of responsibilities to the best of the conditions. Chapter 11 is a reorganization of the finances so as to control when payments are made and who gets what while the business or personal situation is fixed. 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Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Wireless electronic notice board using zigbee free essay sample

Notice boards play a vital role mostly in educational institutions. The events, occasions or any news, which has to be passed to the students, will be written on the notice boards present in every floor in the colleges or schools. The present system is like, a person will be told the news and he has to update this news on all the notice boards present in the college or school. This will be seen mostly during the examination seasons. The time table or the schedule of the exams has to be given to the students. This will be done by writing the details on the notice boards. But this process consumes a lot time to update the news on all the notice boards and there may be chances that the person responsible may commit some mistakes or he may be absent sometimes. So, this may create disturbances and the entire schedule may be disturbed. To avoid all these, Wireless Notice Board have been designed which completely eliminates the manual work. Zigbee is PAN technology based on the IEEE 802. 15. 4 standard. Unlike Bluetooth or wireless USB devices, zigbee devices have the ability to form a mesh network between nodes. Meshing is a type of daisy chaining from one device to another. This technique allows the short range of an individual node to be expanded and multiplied, covering a much larger area. The project is built around the AT89S52 microcontroller from Atmel. This microcontroller provides all the functionality of the display and wireless control. It also takes care of creating different display effects for given text. Alphanumerical keypad is interfaced to the transmitter to type the data and transmit. The message can be transmitted to multipoint receivers. After entering the text, the user can disconnect the keyboard. At anytime the user can add or remove or after the text according to his requirement. This project uses regulated 5V, 1A power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac o/p of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer. 1. 2 Proposed model:- Our proposed model consists of two modules i. e. one transmitter and one or more receiver module. The transmitter module consists of interfacing computer via serial interface to the zig- bee module. The receiver module placed at the remote end consists of zigbee module interfacedwith a microcontroller for displaying messages on LCD. Password based authentication is employed on the transmitter side in order to provide access control to only authorized users. Primarily 162 LCD is been used for displaying messages which we can further extend to larger LCD. 1. 3 Block diagram for the proposed model:- 1. 4 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE:- Hardware components required: AT89S52 based our own developed board Power supply Zigbee Max232 Lcd Pc Software required: Embedded ‘c’ RIDE to write code ISP to burn the chip CHAPTER-2 2. 1 INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS: Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a general-purpose computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real time performance constraints that must be met, for reason such as safety and usability; others may have low or no performance requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs. An embedded system is a combination of hardware and software which is custom built for system specific purpose, as the requirements of each system vary considerably. Depending on the quantity and functionality needed, the embedded hardware is cost customized and software that goes into it also varies widely to meet desired functionality. 2. 1. 1 Variety of embedded systems: Embedded systems are commonly found in consumer, cooking, industrial, automotive, medical, commercial and military applications. Telecommunications systems employ numerous embedded systems from telephone switches For the network to cell phones at the end-user. Computer networking uses dedicated routers and network bridges to route data. Consumer electronics include personal digital assistants (PDAs), mp3 players, mobile phones, videogame consoles, digital cameras, DVD players, GPS receivers, and printers. Household appliances, such as microwave ovens, washing machines and dishwashers, include embedded systems to provide flexibility, efficiency and features. Advanced HVAC systems use networked thermostats to more accurately and efficiently control temperature that can change by time of day and season. Home automation uses wired- and wireless-networking that can be used to control lights, climate, security, audio/visual, surveillance, etc., all of which use embeddeddevices for sensing and controlling. Transportation systems from flight to automobiles increasingly use embedded systems. New airplanes contain advanced avionics such as inertial guidance systems and GPS receivers those also have considerable safety requirements. Various electric motors — brushless DC motors,induction motors and DC motors — use electric/electronic motor controllers. electric vehicles, and hybrid vehicles increasingly use embedded systems to maximize efficiency and reduce pollution. Other automotive safety systems include antilock breaking systems. Medical equipment uses embedded systems for vitalsigns monitoring, electronic stethoscopes for amplifying sounds, and various medical imaging (PET, SPECT, CT, MRI) for non-invasive internal inspections. Embedded systems within medical equipment are often powered by industrial computers. Embedded systems are used in transportation, fire safety, safety and security, medical applications and life critical systems, as these systems can be isolated from hacking and thus, be more reliable. For fire safety, the systems can be designed to have greater ability to handle higher temperatures and continue to operate. In dealing with security, the embedded systems can be Self-sufficient and be able to deal with cut electrical and communication systems. 2. 1. 2 Characteristics: Embedded systems are application specific single functioned. Embedded systems are not always standalone devices Efficiency is of paramount importance for embedded systems. They are optimized for energy, code size, execution time, weight dimensions, and cost. Embedded systems are typically designed to meet real time constraints; a real time system reacts to stimuli from the controlled object/ operator within the time interval dictated by the environment. For real time systems, right answers arriving too late (or even too early) are wrong. Embedded systems often interact (sense, manipulate communicate) with external world through sensors and actuators and hence are typically reactive systems; a reactive system is in continual interaction with the environment and executes at a pace determined by that environment. Many embedded systems consists of small, computerized parts with in a larger device that serves a more general purpose. The program instructions written for embedded systems are referred to as firm ware, and are stored in read only memory or flash memory chips. They generally have minimal or no user interface. 2. 1. 3 Advantages of embedded systems: There are many advantages of embedded systems out of which some are as fallows Design and efficiency: The central processing core in embedded systems is generally less complicated, making it easier to maintain. The limited function required of embedded systems allows them to be designed to most efficiently perform their functions. Cost: The streamlined make-up of most embedded systems allows their parts to be smaller less expensive to produce. Accessibility: Embedded systems are difficult to service because they are inside another machine, so a greater effort is made to carefully develop them. However, if something does go wrong with certain embedded systems they  can be too inaccessible to repair. This concern is sometimes addressed in the design stage, such as by programming an embedded system so that it will not affect related systems negatively when malfunctioning. Maintenance: Embedded systems are easier to maintain because the supplied power is embedded in the system and does not require remoter maintenance. Redundancies: Embedded systems do not involve the redundant programming and maintenance involved in other system models. They allow the system hardware to be simplified so that the costs can be reduced. They are designed to do a specific task and have real time performance costaints which are to be met They usually in the form of small computerized parts in place of larger devices which serve a general purpose, so that size can be reduced Enables real-time, deterministic, scheduling and task prioritization Abstracts away the complexities of the processor Provides a solid infrastructure constructed of rules and policies. Simplifies development and improves developer productivity Integrates and manages resources needed by communications stacks and middleware. Optimizes use of system resources. Improves product reliability, maintainability and quality. Promotes product evolution and scaling. 2. 1. 4 Disadvantages of embedded systems: Just like that of a head and tail of a coin, there are also some disadvantages for the embedded systems, they are They aren’t very scalable and in most cases are limited to the components they came with. Though they are only designed to fill a very specific role and I wouldn’t use them in a dynamic, constantly changing environment. They have very few resources at their disposal They are very expensive to repair They do not have any user interface(more often than not) A compiler is necessary on the target and due to compilation during run time, execution times are not predictable. 2. 1. 5 Applications: Embedded system applications describe the latest techniques for embedded system design in a variety of applications. This includes some of the latest software tools for embedded system design. Applications of embedded system design in avionics, satellites, and radio astronomy, space and control systems are illustrated best practice in embedded system design. Embedded system applications will be of interest to researchers and designers working in the design of embedded systems for industrial applications. Military and aerospace embedded software applications: from in-orbit embedded systems to jumbo jets to vital battlefield networks, designers of mission-critical aerospace and defense systems requiring real-time performance, scalability and high availability facilities consistently turn t the Lynx OS-178 RTOS for software certification to DO-178B. Medical electronics technology: five-nine â€Å"availability, compact PCI hot swap support, and hard real-time response-Lynx OS delivers on these key requirements and more for today’s carrier-class systems. Scalable kernel configurations, distributed computing capabilities, integrated communications stacks, and fault-management facilities make Lynx OS the ideal choice for companies looking for a single operating system for all embedded telecommunications applications-from complex central controllers to simple line/trunk cards Electronics applications and consumer devices: As the number of powerful embedded processors in consumer devices continues to rise, the Lynx OS real-time operating system provides a highly reliable option for systems designers. Industrial automation and process control software: Designers of industrial and process control systems know from experience that Linux work’s operating systems provide the security and reliability that their industrial applications require. 2. 2 INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY:- Wireless technology has been making tremendous progress over the past few years. The ever increasing use of wireless networks serves as an indicator of the progress in the area of wireless networks. The demand for wireless technology is increasing not only in industrial applications but also for domestic purposes. Some benefits of wireless technology are: Completes the access technology portfolio: customers commonly use more than one access technology to service various parts of their network and during the migration phase of their networks, when upgrading occurs on a scheduled basis. Wireless enables a fully comprehensive access technology portfolio to work with existing dial, cable, and DSL technologies. Goes where cable and fiber cannot: the inherent nature of wireless is that it doesn’t require wires or line to accommodate the data/voice/video pipeline. As such the system will carry information across geographical areas that are prohibitive in terms of distance, cost, access, or time. It also sidesteps the numerous issues of ILEC collocation. Involves reduced time to revenue: companies can generate revenue in less time through the deployment of wireless solutions than with comparable access technologies because a wireless system can be assembled and brought online in as little as two to three hours. Provides broadband access extension: wireless commonly both competes with and complements existing broadband access. Wireless technologies play a key role in extending the reach of cable, fiber, and DSL markets, and it does so quickly and reliably. It also commonly provides a competitive alternative to broadband wireline or provides access in geographies that don’t qualify for loop access. CHAPTER-3 3. 1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF 8051 In 1981, Intel Corporation introduced an 8 bit microcontroller called 8051. This microcontroller had 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of chip ROM, two timers, one serial port, and four ports all on a single chip. At the time it was also referred as â€Å"A SYSTEM ON A CHIP† The 8051 is an 8-bit processor meaning that the CPU can work only on 8 bits data at a time. Data larger than 8 bits has to be broken into 8 bits pieces to be processed by the CPU. The 8051 has a total of four I\O ports each 8 bit wide. There are many versions of 8051 with different speeds and amount of on-chip ROM and they are all compatible with the original 8051. This means that if you write a program for one it will run on any of them. The 8051 is an original member of the 8051 family. There are two other members in the 8051 family of microcontrollers. They are 8052 and 8031. All the three microcontrollers will have the same internal architecture, but they differ in the following aspects. 8031 has 128 bytes of RAM, two timers and 6 interrupts. 8051 has 4K ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, two timers and 6 interrupts. 8052 has 8K ROM, 256 bytes of RAM, three timers and 8 interrupts. Of the three microcontrollers, 8051 is the most preferable. Microcontroller supports both serial and parallel communication. In the concerned project 8052 microcontroller is used. Here microcontroller used is AT89S52, which is manufactured by ATMEL laboratories. Microprocessors brought the concept of programmable devices and made many applications of intelligent equipment. Most applications, which do not need large amount of data and program memory, tended to be costly. The microprocessor system had to satisfy the data and program requirements so, sufficient RAM and ROM are used to satisfy most applications . The peripheral control equipment also had to be satisfied. Therefore, almost all-peripheral chips were used in the design. Because of these additional peripherals cost will be comparatively high. 8085 chip needs: An Address latch for separating address from multiplex address and data. 32-KB RAM and 32-KB ROM to be able to satisfy most applications. As also Timer / Counter, Parallel programmable port, Serial port, and Interrupt controller are needed for its efficient applications. In comparison a typical Micro controller 8051 chip has all that the 8051 board has except a reduced memory as follows. 4K bytes of ROM as compared to 32-KB, 128 Bytes of RAM as compared to 32-KB. Bulky: On comparing a board full of chips (Microprocessors) with one chip with all components in it (Microcontroller). Debugging: Lots of Microprocessor circuitry and program to debug. In Micro controller there is no Microprocessor circuitry to debug. Slower Development time: As we have observed Microprocessors need a lot of debugging at board level and at program level, whereas, Micro controller do not have the excessive circuitry and the built-in peripheral chips are easier to program for operation. So peripheral devices like Timer/Counter, Parallel programmable port, Serial Communication Port, Interrupt controller and so on, which were most often used were integrated with the Microprocessor to present the Micro controller . RAM and ROM also were integrated in the same chip. The ROM size was anything from 256 bytes to 32Kb or more. RAM was optimized to minimum of 64 bytes to 256 bytes or more. Microprocessor has following instructions to perform: Reading instructions or data from program memory ROM. Interpreting the instruction and executing it. Microprocessor Program is a collection of instructions stored in a Nonvolatile memory. Read Data from I/O device Process the input read, as per the instructions read in program memory. Read or write data to Data memory. Write data to I/O device and output the result of processing to O/P device. 3. 2 Introduction to AT89S52: The system requirements and control specifications clearly rule out the use of 16, 32 or 64 bit micro controllers or microprocessors. Systems using these may be earlier to implement due to large number of internal features. They are also faster and more reliable but, the above application is satisfactorily served by 8-bit micro controller. Using an inexpensive 8-bit Microcontroller will doom the 32-bit product failure in any competitive market place. Coming to the question of why to use 89S52 of all  the 8-bit Microcontroller available in the market the main answer would be because it has 8kB Flash and 256 bytes of data RAM32 I/O lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a Eight-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and sup ports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset. The Flash program memory supports both parallel programming and in Serial In-System Programming (ISP). The 89S52 is also In-Application Programmable (IAP), allowing the Flash program memory to be reconfigured even while the application is running. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Medicare and the Affordable Care Act

Introduction There has been a lot of attention from the media with regard to the recent Affordable Care Act in the United States. Little focus is given to how the new Act is going to affect the young and elderly receiving Medicare. This paper takes a critical look at the Affordable Care Act with an aim of analyzing its affordability, benefits, and quality as well as other key features.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Medicare and the Affordable Care Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Affordable Care Act The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is the new law based on reforms in the United States health care. It refers to two separate Acts which are Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act 2010 (Rosenbaum, 2011). This Act gives an expanded Medicaid coverage to low-income Americans. The ACA provides access to care by providing coverage needed for the American c itizens. Once rolled in 2014, the ACA will allow millions of American individuals and families to access subsidized insurance coverage. The Act provides lower costs of insurance coverage, and makes insurers more accountable by setting standards be met (Rosenbaum, 2011). Furthermore, the act guarantees coverage for pregnancy and disability, or other pre-existing conditions. The law gives Americans more access to insurance coverage as well as safe-guarding their rights. The legislation also removes dollar limits on the coverage and prohibits insurers from dropping coverage when individuals get sick on an unintentional application (Rosenbaum, 2011). The Act also allows Americans to make appeals on insurers’ coverage decisions and allows individuals to take control over their health care issues. It sets new coverage options for young adults, senior adults, women, businesses, families with children, and people with disability. In addition to the above insurance related benefits, t he ACA provides essential medical benefits such as preventive care, doctor visits, hospitalization, and prescriptions (Rosenbaum, 2011). The ACA is projected to make Medicare more fiscally efficient through the application of cost savings. The law provides incentives to health care providers so that they can formulate strategies to provide high quality health care, and eliminate costs, wastes, and abuses in the Medicare (Family USA, n.d.). The Act will ensure that beneficiaries pay and receive high quality medical care. To achieve this, the law reins on unnecessary spending by health providers. These reforms will save Medicare billions of dollars. The Act imposes financial penalties on hospitals when a patient acquires infections from the hospitals (Family USA, n.d.). This move will improve hospital care and save money spent on paying for health care. Finally, the Act will improve the health care delivery efficiency, by reducing wastages within the system. Therefore, the high qualit y care and efficiency created by the new law are among the many methods through which the Act is fiscally efficient (Family USA, n.d.).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The opponents of the ACA point at a number of issues about the consequences of the new legislation on the Medicare program. First, they argue that the law will reduce the autonomy of physicians, and hence reduce job satisfaction (Williams, 2013). The consequence of which they believe will be passed on to the patients. They foresee patients being restricted from accessing, or having to wait for long for appointments, and receiving rationed health care services (Williams, 2013). They regard the Act as having negative impacts on jobs and the overall economy. They argue that the price controls imposed by the legislation on Medicare will be a disincentive to in the medical sector, thereby reducing investment in health care (Williams, 2013). On the other hand, the proponents argue that this framework increases access to affordable Medicare for millions of low-income Americans and increases the provision of quality Medicare in a more pragmatic and efficient way (Family USA, n.d.). In particular, the proponents of the ACA point out that it gives people the liberty to take charge of their own health matters. This gives autonomy to the beneficiaries to plan for their health issues instead of leaving it at the discretion of the insurers and health providers (Family USA, n.d.). Additionally, the proponents also point out that the ACA introduces the culture of prevention by encouraging beneficiaries to work together with physicians and caregivers in order to reduce health costs through adequate preventive measures (Family USA, n.d.). The ACA will strengthen the Medicare program in the country. First, the Act’s top priority is fighting fraud in the Medicare program that has inhibited the delivery of quality health care to many Americans. Secondly, the legislation guarantees many benefits to many Americans who have been denied access to Medicare for a long time through discriminatory tactics. Finally, the Act reforms the Medicare program by offering medical providers with new incentives to improve the quality, as well as eliminate costs and abuse to preserve the benefits for all Americans. Conclusion The ACA was enacted with a primary purpose of increasing access to Medicare for millions of Americans. The law has received a lot of attention from the media due to the arguments leveled for or against it.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Medicare and the Affordable Care Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Proponents argue that the Act is a landmark reform in the Medicare program that guarantees access to affordable and quality medical care to all in the United States hence benefiting many l ow-income Americans. On the other hand, opponents argue that the reduction of the autonomy of health providers and physicians, works negatively against the economy. These arguments can be proved early next year when the Act will be enforced. References Family USA. (n.d.). A Summary of the, Health Reform Law. Retrieved from https://familiesusa.org/product/summary-new-health-reform-law Rosenbaum, S. (2011). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: implications for public health policy and practice. Public Health Reports, 126(1), 130-135. Williams, A. (2013, October 10). Why are we against the Affordable Care Act? New York Amsterdam News. Retrieved from http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2013/oct/10/why-are-we-against-affordable-care-act/ This research paper on Medicare and the Affordable Care Act was written and submitted by user Xavier Davenport to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Microsoft Word Tips How to Use Find and Replace

Microsoft Word Tips How to Use Find and Replace Microsoft Word Tips: How to Use Find and Replace When working on a large document, you may need to quickly find certain words and phrases. Good news, then! Microsoft Word’s search functions are a great tool to use while editing. But how do they work exactly? Let us walk you through the Find and Replace tools in Microsoft Word. Searching a Document How to access the search options in Microsoft Word depends on the version you are using: In Word for Windows, go to Home Editing on the ribbon and click Find for the basic search or Replace to open the Find and Replace window The basic search box is displayed as a default in Word for Mac, but you can also click the magnifying glass and select Replace†¦ to open the advanced Replace With†¦ search window These options can also be accessed via the shortcuts Ctrl + F (basic search) or Ctrl + H (find and replace). Search options in Word for Windows. The Navigation Pane The navigation pane is a panel on the left of the screen in Microsoft Word to help you navigate your document. It can be opened by accessing the basic search options (see above) or by going to View Show on the main ribbon and checking the box that says Navigation Pane. Once you have opened it, you will have three options available: Headings – A list of text formatted with a Heading style in the document Pages – A thumbnail preview of each page in the document Results – A list of text that matches the term(s) used in a search Navigation pane tabs. It is this last tab that interests us most here. This is where you’ll see the full list of results when you search for a term or phrase in Microsoft Word, making it easy to find issues quickly. Using Find and Replace Effectively The Replace function in Microsoft Word lets you search for terms and replace them with other text. This can be especially useful if you decide to change a specific word throughout a long document. To use this tool, first open the Find and Replace window (see above). Next, you need to: Enter the term you want to search for in the Find what field Enter the new term you want to replace it with in the Replace with field Click Find Next to search for the term and Replace to replace it The Find and Replace window. You can also click Replace All to replace all instances of a term at once. However, this can introduce errors if you are not careful, so it is usually better to take each replacement one at a time. One great use of the Find and Replace tool is to remove double spaces from a document. All this requires is searching for a double space and using a single space in the Replace with field. Advanced Searches Feeling confident now? Well, you might be ready for Microsoft Word’s advanced search options. These can be accessed by clicking the More button in the Find and Replace window. Advanced search options. Here, you will find options to search for specific capitalization of terms, formatting, and even special characters. You may not need to use these options often, but they can be very useful for making sure that formatting and capitalization are consistent throughout a document.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Hibernation Essay Example

Hibernation Essay Example Hibernation Essay Hibernation Essay Arieana Koonce Ms. Stephens Biology Honors March 9, 2013 True Hibernation vs. False Hibernation Hibernation is when a mammal has a low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate. A ground squirrel hibernates in their dens. These dens allow them to sleep for a long time. They rarely wake up. Their hearts beat about 1-2 times per minute. Ground squirrels actually sleep through the entire cold winter. Their body temperature dips down so low that there body is only a couple degrees warmer than outside. It could reach below freezing. These animals prepare for this five to six month period the rest of the year. Hibernation is the animals way to adapt to thing. Compared to ground squirrels, who hibernate in dens, and other true hibernators however, the hibernation arrangement of bears is only a sequence of long naps. Since the body temperature of bears remains high and their breathing remains at a normal rate, their winter naps can easily be bothered or woken up. Some bears even wake up during their winter nap and search and walk around for hours, occasionally possibly days. Therefore that makes bears mammals that are not true hibernators. In conclusion, false hibernation is a way for the larger mammals to stay warm throughout winter without having to do all the things the smaller ones do. It is not the same thing as true hibernation because their body temperature only drops a couple of degrees. Although they are very different mammals do whatever they can to survive the tough winter.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Cryptography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cryptography - Research Paper Example The construction of c is done in such a way that there are elements which are redundant in it. This will, therefore, enable the receiver to reconstruct c even if some bits of c are corrupted by noise; the receiver will eventually reconstruct m (Gary 93). In a formal manner, an error correcting code is composed of a set, C? {0, 1} n of codewords. This set has strings which enables messages to be mapped in it before they are transmitted. In this case, a code that will be used for k-bit messages, C will have 2k elements which are distinct. So that there is some redundancy, there will be a need to have n>k. codes that are used for correcting errors can be defined in spaces which are non-binary too and this paper has construction which is straightforward and extensible in these non-binary spaces (Denning 72). For error correcting codes to be used, there will be a need for functions that will enable us to encode and decode messages. In this paper we will let M = {0, 1}k be a representation of the space message. There is a translation function, g : M C, which represent a one-to-one mapping capability of messages to codewords. What this means is that g is the mapping that is used before the transmission takes place. On the other hand, g-1 is the function that is used upon receiving of messages to retrieve codes in the codeword. There is a function, referred to as decoding function that is used for mapping n-bits that are arbitrary to codewords. This is the function, f : {0, 1}1 C U {O}. If the f function is successful, it will manage to map a given string which has n-bits x to the nearest codeword that is found in C (that is, the proximity to nearness in Hamming distance). If this not the case, then f will fail and the output will be O3. The robustness that an error-correcting code has will depend on the distance between the codewords. To make this more definite, we will need some fundamental notation that regard strings of the binary digits. For this case, we will use + and – to represent bitwise XOR operator on the bit strings. We will use a measurement Hamming weight, which is the number of ‘1’ bits that are found in u. The Hamming weight is denoted by ||u|| (this is the weight of a string which has n strings). The Hamming weight has a precise definition of the number of ‘l’ bits that are found in u. In the same perspective, the Hamming distance that is found between two strings, u and v is defined as the number of digits that make two strings to be different (Gary 62). In an equivalent manner, the Hamming distance will be equal to ||u - v||. We normally take it that a function that is used for decoding, that is function f, will have a correction threshold with a size of t if it has the ability to correct any set of t bit errors. In a more definite manner, for any codeword c â‚ ¬ C, and any error term e â‚ ¬ {0, 1}n, that has || e ||? t, this is the case that f(c+e) = c. in this case, we will regard C to have a correction threshold which has a size of t if there is a function f for C for t, which also has a correction threshold of size t. there is a an observation that the distance that is found between two codewords in C should have a distance of at least 2t + 1. The neighborhood of a codeword c is defined to be f-1 (c). This means that the neighborhood of c has a subset of strings that are n-bit long where f maps to c. the function that is used for decoding, that is function f, is set in such a way that f-1(c) has a close proximity to c that any other code word that

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Commercial law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Commercial law - Essay Example On the other hand, a Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) contract refers to an agreement of selling shipped goods at a price inclusive of the total cost of the goods, freight to the port destination and the maritime insurance coverage. One of the major essential features of CIF contracts is that it requires the vendor to ship the agreed goods in the contract, procure a bill of lading (contract of carriage), arrange for the insurance of the goods, and make a commercial invoice before finally tendering the documents to the buyer1. For example, in the case Biddle Brothers v Clemens Horst Co.2, it was ruled that the buyer was obliged to make the payments before the shipment of goods. This paper offers advice to the parties involved in the case namely, Bernadette, David and Barkers Bank with particular focus to their obligations, limitations and potential remedies in the event that a breach of the contract occurs. Based on the circumstances facing Bernadette in the presented case, the major challenge that arises is whether under the English commercial laws, Bernadette would be able to recover the money she paid for the documents from Arthur, claim the insurance policy or take legal action against the carrier in tort compensation for the damaged goods since she had already made the contract payments. Bernadette is obliged by the law to pay Mr. Arthur (the seller) even if the rice was destroyed during shipment. This can particularly be seen in the case Manbre Saccharine Co Ltd v Corn Products Co Ltd[3]Â  in which the court ruled that that the seller may still claim payment even if the goods are lost or destroyed after shipment. In my opinion, the only available remedy subject the English commercial laws is to sue Claude’s vessel Jeanne d’Arc carrier for compensation of the loss incurred due to the damage of rice during the

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Essay Example for Free

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Essay The News Article is about the new Health Law; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which was signed into law in March 2010. Also included in the Act are individual mandate requirements, expansion of public programs, health insurance exchanges, changes to private insurance, employer requirements and cost and coverage estimates. Unfortunately some citizens of the United States are disapproving of this Act; Obama has offered to make changes to the Act if warranted. Currently Administration is Attempting to quantify exactly how much individuals and businesses might save once the law is phased in starting in 2014. Premiums are expected to be lower than they otherwise would be without the law. For example, it says, middle-income families could save as much as $2,300 by purchasing coverage through the new health insurance exchanges; small businesses could save as much as $350 per family policy; and even large businesses will save, it says, because healthier people will have insurance. A statement from the American’s Health Insurance Plan gives the downfall of the Act, â€Å"The new law will expand coverage to millions of Americans, but fails to address the health care cost crisis.† Opinion: In my opinion of the Act I’m not really sure which side I chose to be on. The Act could save many people and businesses a lot of money. With the economy in the state it is every dime people could save would help. However the law does nothing for the price of medicine and other medical needs. Also with Obama offering to make changes to fit peoples wants and needs should help a lot with winning of the Critics.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Symbolism in Cat in the Rain by Ernest Hemingway Essay -- Ernest Hemin

Symbolism in Cat in the Rain by Ernest Hemingway In his short story Cat in the Rain, Ernest Hemingway uses imagery and subtlety to convey to the reader that the relationship between the American couple is in crisis and is quite clearly dysfunctional. In other words, the reader has to have a symbolic reading of the images. In fact, what seems to be a simple tale of an American couple spending a rainy afternoon inside their hotel room serves as a great metaphor for their relationship. This symbolic imagery, hided behind common objects, gives the story all its significance. This short story contains a great number of striking and literary symbols. In a symbolic reading, the opening paragraph describes the crisis that exists in the marriage of the couple. In other words, the description of the bad weather, of the "empty square"[1](l.10) and of their isolation, reflects this conflict and also sets the negative mood. In fact, since the beginning, Ernest Hemingway insists on the isolation of the couple that "does not know any of the people they passed" (ll.1-2) and are "only two Americans"(l.1). Here it is interesting to notice that they are isolated from the outside world but also from each other. There is no communication and they have no contact, they are distant from each other. Then this isolation is accentuated because of the weather, it is raining. The rain is part responsible for the fact that they have to stay in their room. Nevertheless, the rain has a symbolic meaning together with the description of the public garden. It represents as suggests the critic John V. Hagopian the "lack of fertility"[2] (p.230) . This lack is a... ...t the cat, the story would lose much of both their colour and clarity. Moreover, Ernest Hemingway has succeeded very well in this story in showing that individualism of the people living with their own problem is in many case the cause of split and despair. --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1]All further references are to this edition : Ernest Hemingway, "Cat in the Rain" . The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway, ed. Jackson J. Berson (Dwham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1975). [2] John V. Hagopian, "Symmetry in 'Cat in the Rain'", College English, XXIV (December 1962). [3] John V. Hagopian, "Symmetry in 'Cat in the Rain'", College English, XXIV (December 1962). [4] John V. Hagopian, "Symmetry in 'Cat in the Rain'", College English, XXIV (December 1962).

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay

People of the world have always faced both types of disasters, natural as well as man-made. Man-made disasters were not prevalent in ancient times. Man-made disasters are the results of industrial and material progress. Natural and man-made disasters equally play havoc on human in modern times. Sometimes, a man-made disaster has bigger impact than natural disaster. The cause of natural disaster is natural with man-made disaster is caused by man himself. Man-made disasters include leakage of oil in the sea, nuclear explosion, leakage of poisonous gases and chemical, fire, floods created by dams etc. Man-made disasters are avoidable. They may be averted if man works efficiently and carefully. On the other hand we have no control over a natural disaster. They include earthquake, tsunami, flood, typhoon, hurricane, tempest, avalanches, land slide etc. Man cannot avert them. However, it should be noted that some natural disaster are indirectly the result of man’s activities. For example draught may be the cause of cutting of forests. Thus, the number of man-made disasters is greater than natural disaster. Natural disasters like tsunami and earth quake plays havoc on life and property. Sometimes, millions of lives are lost in these disasters. Certainly, there are some measures to minimize the impact of natural disaster. But they cannot be averted altogether. A natural activity is not termed as a natural disaster until it has impact on human. For example, a volcano eruption at an uninhibited place is not a natural disaster. It is a natural event surely. Natural disasters are aggravated in the condition of unpreparedness on the part of man. A natural disaster has a bigger impact when man is not prepared for it. For example, earthquake cannot be predicted beforehand. It may engulf a large number of people at night while they are sleeping in their homes. A hurricane or a tornado gives opportunity for preparation to face it. Man-made disasters are caused by human activities. They may be in smaller magnitude such as a forest fire which has less impact and may be colossal such as the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. Man-made disasters are brought unknowingly as well as knowingly. Accidents happen due to negligence on the part of man. The Bhopal Gas tragedy is a result of an accident which played a havoc on the local residence. In the modern world, terrorism is considered as a cause of man-made disaster. The 9/11 attack of terrorism on WTO is a kind of man-made disaster which took the lives of thousands of people. This was a crime of man against man. Terrorism has taken the lives of millions of people all over the world. So, crime may also be considered as a man-made disaster. Wars are another kind of natural disaster. Millions of people have been killed in the wars during the last one hundred years. These wars were not accidents. They were fought intentionally to kill people. They are the shame on people who caused them.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Paul Gauguin

Paul Gauguin Danielle Arnold L. Scott Roberts Art Appreciation 11 November 2011 Paul Gauguin Like so many artists one studies, the life of Paul Gauguin was filled with internal struggles on daily matters and beliefs. Gauguin was not dealt an easy life from the very beginning. Born to French journalist and half Peruvian mother, Gauguin came to know the cruelty of life at a very young age. In 1851, he and his family moved to Peru due to the climate of the period. On the voyage to Peru, his father died; leaving him with his mother and sister to survive on their own.The family lived in Peru for four years and during that time, Gauguin came under the influence of certain imagery that would affect the rest of his life. His family then moved back to France where Gauguin excelled in academic studies. He went on to serve two years in the navy and then became a stockbroker. He married a woman by the name of Mette Sophie Gad, and proceeded to have five children. (â€Å"Paul Gauguin†). Ga uguin always enjoyed art in its many forms and soon purchased his own studio to show off Impressionist paintings.He moved his family to Copenhagen to continue being a stockbroker, but felt as if he was to pursue the life of an artist full time. He moved back to France to follow his passion for art, leaving his family behind. Just like many artists, he suffered from depression and had several suicide attempts. Gauguin soon became very frustrated with the art of the 1800’s and sailed to the tropics to escape life. He then used what he saw there as inspiration for many of the works that he produced. In 1903, he got in trouble with the government and was sentenced to jail for a short time.At the young age of 54, Gauguin died of syphilis, probably contracted from the natives in Tahiti. Gauguin left a rather large impact on the world of art. He rubbed shoulders with some of the most world renown French artists. His biography states, â€Å"[Gauguin was] the first artist to systemat ically use these [Primitivism] effects and achieve broad public success† (â€Å"Paul Gauguin†). He created some very successful paintings such as â€Å"Fragrant Earth,† â€Å"Barbaric Tales,† â€Å"The Loss of Virginity,† â€Å"Yellow Christ,† and â€Å"Tahitian Women with Flowers. All of these paintings have specific Gauguin signatures on them in style, color, subject, and reality. Gauguin lived in the time of Impressionist art. This art movement was mainly lead by Paris based artists. At first, Gauguin embraced the essence and characteristics of Impressionism. The early works of Gauguin, as John Gould Fletcher tells us in his book, have disappeared. However, there have been descriptions of his early works by Felix Feneon (Fletcher 44). These descriptions prove and show that Gauguin was already miles ahead of Impressionism and would become a very promising and influential leader in the next movement of art.While the art of his time was char acterized, by small, visible brush strokes that allowed colors to harmonize and blend together to create different and changing qualities of light of ordinary subject matters, Gauguin put his own interpretation of Impressionism. His tones were very separated from each other, creating a new way at painting landscapes. Fletcher states, â€Å"Gauguin was treating landscape at this period already as a synthesis, a decorative whole. . . not as an exercise in the analysis of atmosphere vibration† (Fletcher 45).People did not appreciate the new beginnings of this Post- Impressionism movement of art lead by Gauguin. This did not stop Gauguin at all. He continued on in finding new theories and creating his own tradition that went against the old decorative tradition. Wright and Dine share, â€Å"Gauguin was not content with the landscapes of civilization. He wanted something more elemental – scenes where an unspoilt and untamed nature gave birth to a race of simple and colourf ul character. He felt the need of harmonizing his people with their milieu† (Wright and Dine 300).Thus, Gauguin sought an entire new movement of art and found his inspiration in Tahiti. By using vivid colors that popped out and a thick of application of paint, Gauguin began to open the world to Post-Impressionism where real life was recorded through geometric forms. Ultimately, this lead to the Synthetist movement of art. Along with a few colleagues, this movement was created to synthesize the appearance of natural forms, the feelings of the artist on the subject matter, and the purity of line, color, and form (Wright and Dine 190). Gauguin also paved the way to Primitivism in his later years.Through the exaggerated body proportions and stark contrasts of color, Gauguin helped the return to the pastoral (â€Å"Paul Gauguin†). All of Gauguin’s paintings share similar characteristics. After Gauguin’s experience in Tahiti, he made the natives his main subject matter. Full of bright and bold colors, these women are placed in their natural surroundings with their womanly nature being exposed and exalted. Through his paintings, the truths about these women are revealed and their beauty proclaimed through the bold colors and contrasts and dark, defining lines. The beauty and popularity of Gauguin’s paintings are not just skin-deep.To truly understand the meanings and symbolism of the paintings, one must understand the man who held the brush. In his biography â€Å"Noa, Noa,† one comes face to face with a man who held such high dreams yet never achieved them. Every painting of Gauguin’s was almost a poem laced with symbolism of life, faith, and death. In Gauguin’s Paradise Lost, Wayne Anderson quotes Gauguin in saying, â€Å"In a way, I work like the Bible, in which the doctrine announces itself in a symbolic form, presenting a double aspect, a form which first materializes the pure idea in order to make it bette r understandable . . this is the literal superficial, figurative, mysterious meaning of a parable; and then the second aspect which gives the spirit of the former sense. This is the sense that is not figurative any more, but the formal, explicit of one of the parable† (Anderson 8). Gauguin always tried to veil his symbolism within his paintings. To the untrained eye and mind, his symbolism falls on blind eyes. However, those who are trained in his ways of symbolism appreciate the tension between the romantic sensibility and the dark drama of romantic primitivism.The emotions conveyed through his works all vary depending upon the nature and subject of the particular piece. He does have a central theme in all of his paintings and even some of his carved work. He wishes to conjure ideas of divinity and question the aspects of humanity in order to leave one with a sense of mystery and wonder (Anderson 19). The colors Gauguin uses pulls one into a life of bright and bold contrasts and tones. Someone how Gauguin uses definitive black lines that leave room for imagination in finishing the story that is told on the canvas.Gauguin was an island when it came to mentors. He did not feel the need to imitate any kind of art. If his art was imitative of any artist, it was because he had not been able to freely convey his emotions and arrive as his refined instincts (Anderson 29). Many of his artistic peers did reach out to Gauguin and try to influence his art. When he was younger, he met Camille Pissarro. These two worked together as part of an Impressionist group. For the longest time, Gauguin accepted and practice the styles of Manet, Renoirs, Monets, Cezannes, and Pissarro.Until he moved and stayed to Pont-Aven and met Emile Bernard and became a part of the Pont-Aven school. With the influence of artists, Charles Laval, Maxime Maufra, Paul Serusier, Charles Filiger, Jacob Meyer de Haan, Armand, Seguin, and Henri de Charmalliard, the birth and movement of Synthetism where bold colors were used for super spiritual subjects came about. (Fletcher 50). However, Gauguin always had a horrible temper and resulted in turning his friends into borderline enemies especially those who still clung to the Impressionist art forms and traditions.For two weeks, Van Gogh and Gauguin painted together. Their relationship was a rather weird one. Fletcher comments on this in saying, â€Å"For Van Gogh the future only held the liberating spiritual worship of the sun, which was to raise his art to its highest pitch of lyric ecstasy and to destroy the brain that had created it. For Gauguin the future held a long and stoic struggle . . . that left . . . his work only a broken fragment of what he had dreamed† (Fletcher 55). Consequentially, their art reflected these two different paradigms.Yet it was due to Van Gogh that Gauguin began to realize that great art came from a great love of life – and with that, Gauguin turned to religion, which fueled the majo rity of his art. Van Gogh’s art always hinted of a hope or centered upon a light. Where Gauguin used his subjects as the portrayal of light or the absence of light in the comparison to the dark and dense backgrounds. Over all, Gauguin’s works paved the way for new modern art to emerge. Some would say that Picasso was one of the most important people in the realms of abstract art.However, Gaugin married together the worlds of abstract and representational art with his works on the Tahitian women and the natives. As Gauguin’s biography reports, Gaguin left a huge and notable connection to Arthur Frank Matthews in his intense use of color palette. His works influenced many other artists but does not leave a protege to assume his role of leader in Primitivism and Synthetism (â€Å"Paul Gauguin†). Paul Gauguin was a genius with both the brush and the chisel. He believed in art as a way of life and not a mere enjoyment. He rallied for a day when symbolism would reign and art would become a synthesis.His works of the Tahitian natives and women opened up the world of naturalism and called back for a time where the pastoral would once again be enjoyed. Works Cited Andersen, Wayne. Gauguin’s Paradise Lost. The Viking Press Inc. New York, New York. 1971. Print. Fletcher, John Gould. Paul Gauguin, His Life and Art. Nicolas L. Brown. New York. 1921. eBook. â€Å"Paul Gauguin Biography. † Paul Gauguin – Complete Works. 2002-2011. 31 October 2011. Web. http://www. paul-gauguin. net/biography. html Wright, Williard Huntington and S. S. van Dine. Modern Painting, It’s Tendency and Meaning. John Lane Company. New York. 1915. eBook.

Friday, November 8, 2019

How to Style Compounds After the Noun

How to Style Compounds After the Noun How to Style Compounds After the Noun How to Style Compounds After the Noun By Mark Nichol Most but not all phrasal adjectives (two words that combine to modify a noun hence the alternate name, compound modifiers) are hyphenated, which is confusing enough though easily resolved: If a permanent compound is listed in the dictionary as open, no hyphen is necessary; otherwise, hyphenate. But that applies only before the noun. What happens after the noun is a whole other matter: Usually, phrasal adjectives and similar (or similar-looking) constructions are left open in that position. Here’s a rundown on hyphenation rules for various types of compounds: Categories Age compound: â€Å"The eighteen-year-old (boy),† but â€Å"He is eighteen years old.† Color compound: â€Å"The sky-blue paint,† but â€Å"The paint is sky blue.† Fraction compound: â€Å"A half-mile walk,† but â€Å"a walk of a half mile.† Number, spelled out: â€Å"Fifty-one,† â€Å"five hundred,† five hundred one,† â€Å"two thousand twenty-two.† (Hyphenate tens-ones figures in isolation and in larger figures, but leave open all other combinations of places.) Number plus noun: â€Å"A five-year plan,† but a plan that will take five years†; â€Å"a four-and-a-half-inch gap,† but â€Å"a gap of four and a half inches†; â€Å"the fourth-floor office,† but â€Å"an office on the fourth floor.† Number plus superlative: â€Å"The third-tallest player,† but â€Å"a player who is third tallest.† Time: â€Å"They’re going to the eight o’clock screening† and â€Å"The meeting starts at six (o’clock)†; â€Å"I have a five-thirty plane to catch,† but â€Å"I’ll meet you at five thirty† (always open when time is on the hour, and hyphenated before the noun but open after when time is between hours). Parts of Speech Adjectival phrase: â€Å"His matter-of-fact manner,† but â€Å"His manner was matter of fact.† Adjective plus noun: â€Å"A low-class joint,† but â€Å"The joint is low class.† Adjective identifying origin or location plus noun: â€Å"An Indo-European language† and â€Å"the French-Spanish border,† but â€Å"She is a Japanese American† and â€Å"the latest Middle East crisis† (open unless the first term is a prefix or there is a sense of a distinction between the elements). Adjective plus participle or adjective: â€Å"His long-suffering wife,† but â€Å"his wife is long suffering.† Adverb ending in -ly plus participle or adjective: â€Å"Her rapidly beating heart† (always open). Adverb not ending in -ly plus participle: â€Å"The little-read novel,† but â€Å"The novel is little read.† (See â€Å"More About Adverbs,† below.) Noun phrase: â€Å"A feather in your cap,† but â€Å"He’s a jack-of-all-trades† (open unless hyphenated in the dictionary). Noun plus adjective: â€Å"The family-friendly restaurant,† but â€Å"The restaurant is family friendly.† Noun plus gerund: â€Å"A note-taking lesson,† but â€Å"a lesson in note taking.† (But beware of closed noun-plus-gerund compounds like matchmaking.) Noun plus noun, the first one modifying the second: â€Å"A tenure-track position,† but â€Å"She’s on the tenure track.† (But leave permanent compounds like â€Å"income tax† open even before a noun, and check for closed noun-plus-noun compounds like bartender.) Noun plus noun, equivalent: City-state, nurse-practitioner (always hyphenated). Noun plus letter or number: â€Å"A size 34 waist,† â€Å"the type A personality† (never hyphenated). Noun plus participle: â€Å"A problem-solving exercise,† but â€Å"time for some problem solving.† Participle plus noun: â€Å"Working-class families,† but â€Å"members of the working class.† Participle plus prepositional adverb plus noun: â€Å"Turned-up nose,† but â€Å"Her nose was turned up.† More About Adverbs When less or more modifies an adjective, such as in â€Å"a less frequent occurrence†/â€Å"an occurrence that is less frequent† or â€Å"a more qualified candidate†/â€Å"a candidate who is more qualified,† the phrase is not hyphenated either before or after a noun. The same is true of least and most unless ambiguity is possible. For example, â€Å"a lesser-known rival† is a rival who is not as well known, but â€Å"a lesser known rival,† by contrast, might be a known rival of lesser consequence. Likewise, â€Å"the most-quoted orators† and â€Å"the most quoted orators† refer, respectively, to orators most frequently quoted and a majority of quoted orators. Again, however, the hyphenated version would be left open when it follows a noun, and would likely be worded differently than its counterpart that is not hyphenated before the noun, either. Also, when an adverb that is part of a modifying phrase is modified by another adverb, as in â€Å"a very much praised debut,† the phrase is not hyphenated at all, even though a hyphen would appear in â€Å"a much-praised debut.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business EmailsAwoken or Awakened?Particular vs. Specific

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Portmanteau Words

Portmanteau Words Portmanteau Words Portmanteau Words By Simon Kewin The English language is constantly evolving. The meanings of words drift or even change completely. Sometimes words stop being used altogether and they die out. But at the same time new words are constantly being added.   These new words – neologisms – can be a source of some irritation to traditionalists, especially when there is already a perfectly good word that could have been used. But when neologisms work, when they fulfill a need, they can add greatly to the richness and diversity of the language.   A particular sort of new word are those formed when two existing words are merged to form a new one whose meaning, combines that of the two root words. These are called â€Å"portmanteau† words.   The word â€Å"portmanteau† originally meant a sort of large traveling bag. The writer Lewis Carroll, author of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland etc., was the first to use it to refer to a merged word. Carroll employed quite a few portmanteaux himself. The poem Jabberwocky, for example, contains the word â€Å"chortled†, probably created by combining â€Å"chuckle† and â€Å"snorted†. Similarly â€Å"mimsy† is generally taken as a mixture of â€Å"miserable† and â€Å"flimsy†. Both of these new words are now in the dictionary. For example, the OED defines chortle like this :  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   chortle:   verb laugh in a breathy, gleeful way.  noun a breathy, gleeful laugh.  ORIGIN coined by Lewis Carroll in Through the Looking Glass; probably a blend of CHUCKLE and SNORT. It’s likely that most people who use â€Å"chortle† are unaware it was a word made up in the 1870s.   There are now very many portmanteau words that have become accepted as valid in their own right : â€Å"smog†, â€Å"brunch†, â€Å"infotainment†, â€Å"dumbfound†, â€Å"fanzine†, â€Å"genome†, â€Å"sitcom† and so forth. They key point is that the meaning of the new word is mid-way between the two original words in some way.    Some portmanteaux are less successful. For example, it’s quite common to hear people using the ugly jargon-word â€Å"guesstimate† (or â€Å"guestimate†). This word, clearly, is a mixture of â€Å"guess† and â€Å"estimate†. But all-too often it is employed when â€Å"guess† or â€Å"estimate† would be perfectly clear and accurate.   So should writers feel free to just invent new words? Clearly many have done in the past. Shakespeare, for example, coined a variety of new usages. Perhaps the best advice would be to stick to existing words where they work as this helps keep your writing clear. At the same time, be aware that coining a new word is a possibility. In part it depends on what you are writing. It’s very common, for example, for reporters discussing some new scandal to form a portmanteau with the –gate suffix (i.e. as a reference to Watergate). Thus there is â€Å"Irangate†, â€Å"spygate†, â€Å"climategate† and so forth. A reader seeing one of these new words will instantly be able to grasp its meaning without its needing to be explained. If readers can’t make such an interpretation, however, they won’t know for sure what you intended by the word and your writing will suffer. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Greek Words You Should Know20 Rules About Subject-Verb AgreementMay Have vs. Might Have

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Informational Interview Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Informational Interview - Term Paper Example Trust and accountability are good virtues that can help any businessperson establish a good relationship with the customers, which has a positive impact on any kind of business. The experience I have gained so far in supply chain management can be applied to manage supplies in a big international company. Florida Tile Inc has a career opportunity in the supply chain management. Florida Tile Inc is one of the largest producers and suppliers of ceramic and porcelain tiles. Last summer, I did my summer internships in this company though worked in the customer care department. The company has various departments. I contacted Dave Peterson who is the supply chain managers of the company and arranged for an interview to find out more about the position. I explained to him that I am a student who is interested in the position of supply chain management and looking forward to working in the similar position after college. Mr. Peterson was willing to assist. Name: Dave Peterson Job title: sup ply chain manager Employer: Florida Tile Inc Location: 998 Governors lane, Lexington KY 40513 Business telephone number: 859-219-5200 Date/ Time: Questions and Answers: 1) What did you study in college? a) I studied business management and majored in supply chain management. ... I was called for an interview, which I believe I did well and was later contacted as one of the successful candidates. 4) Did you have experience in supply chain management prior to your current job? a) Before landing a job at the Florida Tile Inc, I worked for Acme Brick Company as clerk in the supplies department where my main duty was documenting orders from customers from various parts of the country. The acme brick company manufactures tiles, block, and bricks. 5) What do you do on a typical workday? a) I work for eight hours a day and my main responsibility is to ensure that our products get nearer our customers on time. I make arrangement on transportation of raw materials and finished products to various destinations and also supervise inventory and storage. 6) Which skills do I require to fit in the same position? a) In order to be successful in this position, you need to be critical thinker as this will enable you solve problems and make good decisions that can translate in to great profits. To solve problems articulately, you need to be decisive and in addition posses good communication skills. 7) How does your department relate with other departments within the company? a) Teamwork is one important strategy for any business to achieve goals. We work as a team with other departments in the company. 8) What are the challenges you face as you go about your daily tasks at work? a) One major challenge in this position is the ever growing and changing technology in the business arena. Keeping up with the pace at times pose challenges to my colleagues and I in the supply chain department. 9) According to your opinion, who is the most important person in the company? a) In any business organization or company, the customers are the most

Friday, November 1, 2019

Is Now a Good Time to Acquire UK Marketing Media Agency Essay - 1

Is Now a Good Time to Acquire UK Marketing Media Agency - Essay Example United Kingdom fashion industry is one of the sectors in UK which have registered good performance in the current period. This industry for many years have grown tremendously becoming one of the notable industry in UK. The industry has resulted into significant impact on the social and economic impact in the country. Fashion industry in UK has become integrated to its citizens live hood. This has become turned fashion to be a possible trivial and enjoyable thus becoming more attractive to the potential and the prospective customers (Dransfield 2005). The overview on the external environmental analysis of this industry enables investors to gather several logistics before investing in this industry. PESTEL analysis entails critical analysis on the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors which have significant effects to the establishment and the success of every industry. This analysis is essential in the assessment of any market if it is worth to invest in it. This comprises the examination of the external macro-environment which is important aspect of a company before preparing a business plan. The external environment examination is important in the decision making process. It is also appropriate to carry out this analysis over sometime to ensure that all the uncertainties and the dynamic nature of the industry are addressed in the context of fashion industry market in United Kingdom (Dransfield 2005). Fashion industry in UK is considered one of the competitive markets the world. Big fashion companies such as Burberry, Marks & Spencer, TopShop, French Conection and Super group. The PESTEL analysis is considered one of the best tools in the assessment of the market; the facts from the analysis are used in establishing marketing strategies. This basically relates to the changes, market dynamism and influences attributed to the government. It is notable that there are a significant number of policies and regulations in UK that have affected the marketing consultancies and the media in regard to fashion industry (Britton 2009).  

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Law - Essay Example The development of each of these areas of law would be discussed in turn and any similarity as well as difference would looked into so as to make an effective comparison between the two difference applications that have been provided for that is one by way of statute and the other would be that of the rule of Wheeldon v. Burrows and the cases that have effectively developed the rule and applied the provision. Easements are where a benefit is provided to the dominant tenement that is the land which benefits from the easement, which provides the person who owns the dominant tenement of land to use the easement. The second element in respect of an easement is the based on the fact that since there is a benefit that is accruing there is a burden on what is known as the servient tenement or in other words the land that has been burdened by the easement. A vital principle related to an easement is the fact that it is a proprietary interest and the accruing benefit and burden, subject to th e laws of registered and unregistered land, transfer, if the land that is either the servient or dominant tenement is transferred to another person. (Cursley et al 2009) The creation of an easement is dependent upon the satisfaction of a criterion that had been laid down in Re Ellenborough Park1 which are generally referred to when determining the existence of an easement. The first and foremost requirement is the fact that there must be a dominant and servient tenement thus eliminating the possibility and stating that the easement cannot exist in gross. (Hawkins v. Rutler)2. The second requirement is the fact that the dominant and servient tenement’s occupation and ownership must be by different persons (Roe v. Siddons)3. However, according to Wright v. Macadam4 the occupation by different persons would allow an easement to be created. The Third element is the fact the easement must benefit the dominant tenement and this is dependent upon the proximity of the servient teneme nt; it also been stated that the advantage should not be purely personal (Hill v Tupper); and the right must not that be of a recreational user. The fourth criterion is that the easement that has been alleged must be capable of formation of subject matter of a grant. Case law has developed upon the criterion and has provided guidelines in this respect, the first one being that there must be a capable grantor, which is clear in the facts at hand, the second that there must be a grantee which is evident because the tenants were granted the rights; thirdly the subject matter of grant is sufficiently certain, which is clear enough in respect of the facts that is the right to cross; and finally the right must be capable of being called an easement that is it is covered under the rights which have been recognized to be easements, which has been done in respect of the right to cross. The final factor that has not been expressly listed down in the case was that of public policy which is con sidered when determining whether an easement is existent or not. (Grey et al 2006) The next aspect that is considered is that easement can be existent either legally or under equity as laid down under section 1 of the Law of Property Act (LPA) 1925. (Cooke 2006) As far as legal easements are considered there are a number of formalities that need to be fulfilled. The first requirement is that for a legal easement there must either be a fee simple absolute in possession or as an adjunct to a term of years (section 1 Law of Property Act 1925). Secondly easements can only be legal if created by way of statute, by prescription, by deed or registered disposition. All other easement are equitable in nature. (Dixon 2004) As far easement by prescription is Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words Law - Essay Example Unfortunately, even in 2012, until more research is conducted to collect data on duration of street bail, Hucklesby’s claims remain valid. Street bail was introduced in the British legal system in 2003. The amendment came into effect in 2004.1 Street bail was designed to speed up justice in the British legal system by enabling officers to spend more time collecting evidence, and less on bringing the suspect in the police station to bail him or her out a few minutes later.2 There were estimates in 2004 that the new bail system would be economical, as it would provide additional 390,000 hours of police officers’ time annually to focus on investigating the crimes.3 Guidance on Street Bail was implemented in 2006. The guide aimed to direct implementation of the Sections 30A to 30D of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE), as amended by Section 4 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003. 4 While making a decision whether to bring the offender in or not, the police officer must consider following facts: whether the offender has a history of violating the bail, whether the offender could jeopardize the evidence crucial to the judicial system if left free, whether the offender could continue offending if left free, and whether data are correct regarding the address of the offender and the nature of the offense. 5 In Northern Ireland, an equivalent document was published as well.6 However, Hucklesby argues that the pre – charge bail system only discourages justice. The nature of the offense, or the ability to jeopardize evidence, is left to the interpretation of the police officer. As a result, Hucklesby argues, more arrests will take place, instead of fewer.7 Moreover, in cases where police officers will not be willing to pursue the investigation, the offender will not be turned in.8 Cape too agrees with Hucklesby’s arguments, due to the inexperience of the arresting officers and a low threshold for arrest and long bail periods, where sus pects will not be able to present their own story.9 Some argue otherwise. There are arguments that even in the light of the new approach to bail, PACE â€Å"continues to use its ‘fundamental balance’ approach,†10 which was abused in the past. PACE’s approach is to protect the rights of the suspect, while allowing for the police officers to gather enough evidence to identify the offender.11 One of its aims is also to decrease detention time. 12 A famous case portraying the misuse of power before the street bail on behalf of law enforcement officers is the Birmingham pub bombings, where six suspects were wrongfully convicted.13 The suspects were treated outside their protection system and tortured.14 Moreover, they were interrogated partly also outside of the police station, which violates the rules of PACE.15 The new approach to bail on street attempts to avoid such problems through allowing suspects freedom while conducting investigation. However, the powe r remains in hands of the arresting police officers. Though PACE aims to decrease the detention time, Skinns has found evidence that detention time has been increasing back to the pre – PACE level.16 In 1986, the mean detention time was over four hours, whereas in 1990 – 3 it increased to over six hours. 17 In 1979, before PACE, the mean detention time was over ten hours. 18 Moreover, police investigation is still a problem. Skinns found that gathering evidence is still a problem in the British criminal system, and it rests with â€Å"

Monday, October 28, 2019

Future of Nuclear Power in Sustainable Development Essay Example for Free

Future of Nuclear Power in Sustainable Development Essay With the population increase and economic growth, energy is becoming an essential part for development. To some extent, in any development process, reliable access to modern energy services is needed. However, the world is facing the energy imbalance: that of energy generation have consequences for the environment so meeting this growth in demand while safeguarding the environment poses a growing challenge. To date, the use of nuclear power has been concentrated in industrialized countries, which might play in filling the growing gap between what the world wants to consume in terms of energy and what the environment tells us we can sustain is considered. 1〠Development of Neural Power In the last few years, the nuclear power is mainly used in the industrialized countries. More and more countries pay their attention to the introduction of nuclear power programs, such as Turkey, Egypt, Jordan, Yemen, etc, not limited to Asia. Also, other countries such as Argentina, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, and South Africa are working to expand their works. As is shown by statistics, of the worlds 439 currently operating nuclear power reactors, 403 (or 91%) are in either OECD countries or countries with economics in transition [1]. In terms of electrical generating capacity, 349 GWCe) out of 368 GWCe) , or 95% of nuclear generating capacity is installed in these countries. At present, nuclear power is a proven technology which has provided more than 16% of world electricity supply [2]. In the future of nuclear power, many different views are raised on its sustainable development, particularly to innovative reactors and fuel cycles [3]. There are a number of significant environmental benefits arising from the use of nuclear power, but it does raise its own environmental issues. During the operation, some radioactivity is released at a very low level into the environment either via filtered emissions to the atmosphere or in liquid form in the cooling water discharged to sea. Thus, on one hand, nuclear power is a hazardous energy and should be phased out. On the other hand, the nuclear power can be sustainably used. Comparing with the fossil-based energy, nuclear power does not emit CO2 and other hazardous emissions, which the impact of the nuclear power chains on the health and environment is less negative than those for fossil-based energy. Currently, Europe, North America and some countries in Asia have been enjoying the advantages of nuclear power. 2〠Status of Neural Power To date, the use of nuclear power is increasing. In terms of new construction, however , the pattern is different, 16 of the 30 reactors now being built are in developing countries and most of the recent expansion has been centered in Asia China, for example, currently has four reactors under construction, and plans a more than five- fold expansion in its nuclear generating capacity over the next 15 years. India has seven reactors under construction, and plans roughly a seven-fold increase in capacity by 2022. Japan, Pakistan and the Republic of Korea also have plans to expand their nuclear power capacity [4,5]. In the near future, additional countries in the Asia-Pacific region will choose the nuclear power option. Vietnam intends to begin construction of its first nuclear power plant in 2015. Indonesia plans to build two 1000 MW reactors in central Javaa. Recently, the Energy Generating Authority of Thailand announced plans to build two large nuclear plants, with construction to be gin in 2015. In Malaysia, a comprehensive energy policy study – including consideration of nuclear power- is to be completed by 2010 [6]. The resurgence of interest in nuclear power [7-9] is not limited to Asia. Other countries such as Jordan and Turkey are seriously considering or planning for the introduction of nuclear power programs. And many others, such as Aragentina, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan and South Africa, are working to expand existing programs. In the USA, where no new reactors has been ordered in 28 years, these trends, plus excellent performance of the existing nuclear fleet and financial incentives in the Energy Policy Act of 2005, have led to a race to develop new nuclear power plants. Twenty countries now have new plants either under construction or under development with well over half of these new nuclear plants likely to be built over the next two decades in five countries- China, India, South Korea, Japan and USA. Also, in the USA, several dozen reactors are in various stages of proposal development, while international nuclear vendors and service providers are forming new alliances. Finally, rising uranium prices have led to development of new mines. 3〠Rising Interest of Neural Power Any negative impact on the population health and environment is unacceptable. Once it happens, it will be phased out. The negative consequences for nuclear power would be the same. If it is not possible or too expensive to improve sufficiently their safety, we must insist on their closing. The international conventions for nuclear safety were carried out, which legally enhance nuclear safety. Also, the IAEA updated the safety standards for reflecting the best industry practices [10]. Importantly, both the IAEA and the world Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) , created international networks to conduct peer reviews and exchange operating information to improve safety performance. Another important factor is the strong performance of nuclear power that drives the renewed interest in nuclear power. Up to date, with more than half a century of operating experience, nuclear power is becoming a mature technology. In the past two decades, more and more significant improvements are made in nuclear power plant reliability, as well as lower operating costs and a progressively improved safety record. 4〠Problems of Nuclear Power a) Management of radwaste Annually, the spent nuclear fuel produced is about 10,000 tons, which is small when compared with the nearly 28 billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) waste from fossil fuels [11, 12]. In addition, the radwaste is most concerned point in public. Based on the expert experiences, the reasonable geological disposal of high level radioactive waste is safe and feasible. But for public, it is likely remain skeptical, which the nuclear waste disposal will likely remain controversial. The emphasis in the problem of radwastes should be in obtaining the support of people. On one hand, we should provide true information on comparative assessment of different energy sources. We should provide a clear report that there is no risk for the population health and environment from radwaste repositories. On the other hand, as soon as possible the countries with suitable places for repositories should license them and start the disposal process. Moreover, cooperation will be effective to share the burden of the waste disposal cost for countries with small nuclear power programs. b) Technological innovation If we want to develop the new reactor or fuel cycle technologies, technological innovation is needed. Currently, the nuclear Research and Development (RD) projects are focused on enhancing nuclear safety, reducing proliferation risks, minimizing waste generation and improving economic performance [13]. In particularly, many developing countries, such as some countries in Asia, have been devoted to develop small and medium size reactor designs. These designs allow a more incremental investment than is required for a large reactor, and provide a better match to grid capacity in many developing countries. To some extent, these reactors are more adapted in applications [14]. c) Nuclear non- proliferation With the increasing expectations for nuclear power, there are concerns regarding the spread of nuclear weapons and sensitive nuclear technology. However, at the same time, the nuclear proliferation should be prevented. Now, a safeguard system has been established to guarantee the peaceful application of nuclear technology. An integrated system of safeguards can and should permit effective control of non-proliferation by a combination of technical measures and the extension of institutional measures [15]. It would occur in two steps. The first step would create a mechanism for the assurance of supply of nuclear fuel, possibly including fuel bank to be managed by the IAEA. For countries that use nuclear fuel for electricity generation, this mechanism would severe as a supplier of last resort, thereby removing the risk of having their fuel supply interrupted for non- commercial reasons. The second step would seek to bring any new operations for uranium enrichment and plutonium separation under multinational control. These multinational controls should also be extended to facilities that already exist- to ensure that all countries are treated equally in terms of their nuclear capabilities. d) Economic cost Although cost is perhaps not a major factor affecting plans for nuclear power in most areas of the world, in the United States, which has the worlds largest nuclear program and sufficient growth in electricity demand to support substantial growth in generating capacity, the cost of electricity has been the dominant factor in determining what type of capacity gets built [16]. As the United States has moved to reduce the economic regulation of electricity generation, cost has become a competitive focus, and â€Å"capital cost is the single most important factor determining the economic competitiveness of nuclear energy† (University of Chicago, 2004, p. xi). In 2009 the U.S. National Academies published a large study of energy technologies. After reviewing many previous studies, the authors noted that â€Å"cost estimates in the open literature have varied by more than a factor of two. Recent estimates have ranged from $2400/kW to as much as $6000/kW† (Committee on Americas Energy Future, 2009, p. 526). These are cost estimates for the United States. High costs are seen in the much-delayed new Finnish reactor, discussed further below. Until new plants are built in the United States, costs will remain a major uncertainty and an obstacle to growth of the industry. e) Public opinion Dana Mead, chairman of the MIT governing body, commented that â€Å"Nuclear power generates the most varied public opinion of any power generation type. According to MIT studies, 39% of those polled feel it should be reduced, 35% feel in should be increased and 11% dont believe it should be used at all — the highest fraction of people who are opposed to any type of generation† (remarks at the American Nuclear Society Annual Meeting, as quoted in Power Engineering, August 2007). In addition to proliferation and economic cost, the main controversies regarding nuclear power are whether the public will accept new nuclear plants, whether sites can be found where the public will accept a geological repository for their spent fuel, and whether future development should be based on the once-through or the closed fuel cycle [17]. Bringing the public into decision processes early will substantially improve the climate for nuclear power to go forward. (In the United States, the la w requires that the federal agencies make the final decisions.) 5〠Future of Nuclear Power While there are still uncertainties ahead, it seems quite likely at this point that, in the near-term, new nuclear power plants will be built, both in countries that already have substantial nuclear programs and in new countries. Thus, the number of countries with nuclear power plants will increase, and since some of these countries have small grids and limited infrastructures, it is likely that smaller reactors will be used to meet some of these needs [18, 19]. In the near-term, nuclear power growth will likely be met by existing technologies and those technologies for which substantial development has already occurred. Nuclear power development will not be the only source of power to meet growing energy demands and growing concerns about global warming. The near term is also likely to see the development and deployment of more renewable power of current or evolutionary design, and possibly of clean coal technology. Other options, such as increased conservation and the deployment of more energy efficient end-use technologies, will also be exploited. In the longer term, more advanced nuclear power plants, such as the Generation IV power plants, will likely be deployed. These will be able to meet a more diverse range of energy needs than the current generation of large, centralized electricity-generating power plants can meet. Possible applications include process heat for industrial applications, the generation of fuels such as hydrogen for transportation, and a variety of possible off-grid applications [20-23]. Likewise, other energy-generating technologies will continue to develop and will be deployed as appropriate. In the much longer term, these could potentially include fusion power. If that is successful, it could ultimately replace some of the technologies of today, including perhaps nuclear fission power. 6〠Conclusion Nuclear energy alone is not a solution, but it is likely in the near Future to have an increasing role as part of the global energy mix. Through the analysis and investigation, it is clear that nuclear power can bring significant long term benefits in terms of increased access to energy and security of energy supply. Nuclear power at present does possess proven technologies that ensure adequate safety level and safe radwaste disposal. Non-proliferation of nuclear materials is effectively supported by the system of IAEA safeguards. This structure is sound and it provides the basis for the further development of nuclear energy. However, the nuclear industry needs to work on new, innovative technologies in order: on one hand, to reduce the costs and thus answer the strong challenge of competing energy generation technologies, on the other hand, to facilitate the dialogue between the nuclear industry and the public by providing more transparent, convincing solutions and designs A success ful development of innovative nuclear technologies addressing these two key challenges would permit a large-scale development of nuclear energy in the next century. Thus, in the foreseeable future, the need for the development and deployment of more advanced versions of today’s energy production technologies will continue, and all promising technologies should be pursued. It is likely that different technologies could be favored in different circumstances. These circumstances could be based on a variety of factors, including national policy, regulatory and other mechanisms in different countries, and geopolitical situations (remoteness, availability of particular resources, etc.). Globally, it appears that the world is likely to need substantial new contributions from all sources, particularly those capable of supplying significant amounts of clean, low-carbon energy. Nuclear power is one of the most promising of these sources. References [1] International Automatic Energy Agency , Nuclear Technology Review, August 2006, IAEA, Vienna , Austria. [2] Energy, Electricity and Nuclear Power Estimates for the period up to 2020, Reference Data series No. 1, July 2002, IAEA, Vienna , Austria. [3] International Automatic Energy Agency IAEA Bulletin, volume 49/1. September 2007, IAEA, Vienna, Austria. [4] Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, . [5] IAEA, 2008b.Nuclear Power Reactors in theWorld. IAEA Reference Data Series no. 2. Vienna. [6] IAEA, 2009. Energy, Electricity and Nuclear Power Estimates for the Period up to 2030. IEAE Reference Data Series no. 1. Vienna. [7] Jones, J.M., 2010. U.S. support for nuclear power climbs to new high of 62%. Gallup.com, March 30. 2010. [8] Sustainable Development in a Dynamic world, world Development Report- 2005, World Bank. [9] Bharadwaj, A., Krishnan, L.V., Rajgopal, S., 2008. Nuclear Power in India: The Road Ahead. Center for Study of Science. Technology Policy, Bangalore (September). [10] Bilboa y Leon, S., 2009. Development of advanced nuclear reactors worldwide. Nucl.Plant J. September October. 27 (5), 36–42. [11] Rashad S.M. , Hammad , F.H.; Nuclear Power and the Environment ;Compartative Assessment of Environmental and Health Impacts of Eelectricity Generating Systems, Applied Energy 65 (2000) 211-229. [12] Rashad S.M. , Nuclear Power and the Environment Prospects and Challenges, Proceeding of Energy for Sustainable Development and Science for the Future of the Islamic World and Humanity Conference , Organized in Kuching / Sarawak , Malaysia 29 Sept-2 Oct. 2003 Islamic World Academy of Sciences, Amman , Jordan, 2006. [13] Innovative Technologies for Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Nuclear Power , Proceedings of International Conference held in Vienna, 23-26 Hune 2003 organized by IAEA et a1 , Vienna, Austria, 2004. [14] International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycle, . [15] Nuclear Power and Proliferation Resistance: Securing Benefits, Limiting Risk. American Physical Society, College Park, MD (May). [16] Chicago, University of., 2004. The Economic Future of Nuclear Power: Study Conducted at the University of Chicago. 2004(August). Cirincione, J., 2009. Chain reaction. Foreign Policy (May 7). [17] Nuclear Energy Study Group, American Physical Society Panel on Public Affairs, 2005. [18] MIT, 2003. The Future of Nuclear Energy: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study. . [19] Deutch, J.M., Forsberg, C.W., Kadak, A.C., Kazimi, M.S., Moniz, E.J., Parsons, J.E., 2009.Update of the MIT 2003 Future of Nuclear Power Cambridge, MA. [20] InterAcademy Council, 2007. Lighting the Way Toward a Sustainable Energy Future. Amsterdam. (October). [21] MacFarlane, A., Asselstine, J., Ahearne, J., 2008. The future of nuclear energy: policy recommendations . Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (December 11). [22] MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), 2003. The Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study. Cambridge, MA. [23] Nuclear Energy Agency (France), 2008. Uranium Resources Sufficient to Meet Projected Nuclear Energy Requirements Long into the Future. Paris (June 3).